Overview

Dynamic'Schem is an integrated tool for electronic hobbists or students, allowing to execute quickly useful calculations needed for all kind of basic circuits :

 	Ohm's law calculations

 	Serial/Parallel combinations

 	Selfs calculations

 	Zener diodes calculation

 	Class A transistor stage calculation

 	Operational amplifier circuits

 	Oscillator circuits

 	Filters

 	etc

Dynamic'Schem is in fact the electronic form of a classic formula book !

Keep it available when you are designing your new circuit, and enjoy !

Principles and units used


Principles and units used

Dynamic'Schem is composed of a set of independant modules, each module being used for a specific calculation.

Each module use the same technique :

 	A diagram shows the schematic we are talking about,

 	Some check-boxes allow you to select which data are already known and which should be computed,

 	Dynamic'Schem automaticaly put in grey the data that are automaticaly computed,

 	You enter in the non-greyed edit zones the values of the data you already know, and you get the results in the other edit zones each time you press return (easier to try than to explain...)

 	The Class A transistor amplifier module is a little different : due to the large number of parameters, the results are put in a scrolling list... but the principle stay the same.

The interesting thing is that you can freely modify any data, and got immediatly the according changes on the calculated values, or change the calculation mode without changing the values !

All figures should be entered using the international units (V, ohm, Farad, etc). However, Dynamic'Schem accepts all standard post-fixes used in electronics. For exemple, enter "47K" for a 47-kilo-ohms resistor, or "2.2n" for a 2.2 nano-farad capacitor.  Recognized postfixes are :

 	p for pico (10-12)

 	n for nano (10-9)

 	(micro symbol) for micro (10-6)

 	m for milli (10-3)

 	K for kilo (10+3)

 	M for mega (10+6)

Of course, Dynamic'Schem use the same principle to display the calculated values : you get the results in the form you are expecting them...


Ohm's law

Goal :

The ohm's law module calculate the very basic relationships around voltage applied to a gicen resistor, current going through it and power dissipated.

Datas :

 	U : voltage across the resistor

 	I : current though the resistor

 	R : value of the resistor

 	P : power dissipated in the resistor

Formula used :

The classic Ohm's law :

 	U=R.I

 	P=U.I

For data input format and units, see "principles and units used"


Two resistors

Goal :

The two-resistors module calculate global resistance, individual current and individual voltages accross a network of two resistors, in serial or parallel mode.

Datas :

 	R1 : First resistor value

 	R2 : Second resistor value

 	R : Equivalent resistor

 	U : Voltage accross the network

 	I : Current through the network

 	U1 : Voltage accross R1

 	U2 : Voltage accross R2

 	I1 : Current through R1

 	I2 : Current through R2

Formula used :

In serial :

 	R=R1+R2

 	I1=I2=I=U/R

 	U1=I.R1

 	U2=I.R2

In parallel :

 	R=R1.R2/(R1+R2)

 	U1=U2=U

 	I1=U/R1

 	I2=U/R2

For data input format and units, see "principles and units used"


Two capacitors

Goal :

The two-capacitors module calculate global capacitance and  individual voltages accross a network of two capacitors, in serial or parallel mode.

Datas :

 	C1 : First capacitor value

 	C2 : Second capacitor value

 	C : Equivalent capacitor

 	U : Voltage accross the network

 	U1 : Voltage accross C1

 	U2 : Voltage accross C2

Formula used :

In serial :

 	C=C1.C2/(C1+C2)

 	C1.U1=C2.U2 ("same load" rule)

In parallel :

 	C=C1+C2

 	U1=U2=U

For data input format and units, see "principles and units used"


Decibel calculations

Goal :

The decibel module calculate relationship between an input signal level (and associated power) and the output equivalents with the gain in decibel of the amplifying/consumming apparatus.

Datas :

 	Ui : Input signal level

 	Pi : Input signal power

 	Gain : Gain in decibel of the device

 	Uo : Output signal level

 	Po : Output signal power

Formula used :

 	gain = 10 log10 (Po/Pi)

 	gain = 20 log10 (Uo/Ui)

For data input format and units, see "principles and units used"


Cylindric self, monocoated

Goal :

The cylindric self-monocoated module calculate the inductance of a self made by N turn of a wire around a cylinder, all wires being all together (only one coat).

Datas :

 	D : Diameter of the cylinder

 	P : Length of the self

 	N : Number of turns

 	L : Equivalent inductance

Formula used :

 	L=10^(-8).D^2.N^2/(40D+110P) (simplified Nagasao formula)

For data input format and units, see "principles and units used"


Cylindric self, multicoated

Goal :

The cylindric self-multicoated module calculate the inductance of a self made by N turn of a wire around a cylinder, several coats being put one upon the other (thus the diameter of the wires is not constant).

Datas :

 	D : External diameter of the cylinder

 	P : Length of the self

 	E : Height of the wirings N : Number of turns

 	L : Equivalent inductance

Formula used :

 	L=10^(-8).0.08.D^2.N^2/(3D+9L+10E) (simplified Nagasao formula)

For data input format and units, see "principles and units used"


PCB printer self
PCB printed self

Goal :

The PCB printed self module calculate the inductance of a self printed on a PCB, with square turns regularly spaced.

Datas :

 	D1 : Width of the internal turn

 	D2 : Width of the external turn

 	N : Number of turns

 	L : Equivalent inductance

Formula used :

 	L=10^(-9).1/72.(D1+D2).N^(5/3).log((4D2+D1)/(D2-D1))

For data input format and units, see "principles and units used"


Filtering capacitor

Goal :

The Filtering capacitor module calculate the value of a power supply filtering capacitor, giving the wanted ouput voltage residual oscillation.

Datas :

 	C : Capacitor value

 	I : Supply current

 	DeltaU : Allowed residual voltage oscillation

Formula used :

 	For mono-alternance rectifier, DeltaU=4.5.10-3 I/C

 	For bi-alternance rectifier, DeltaU=1.5.10-3 I/C

For data input format and units, see "principles and units used"


Heatsink calculations

Goal :

The Heatsink calculations module calculate the needed heatsink performances required for a given transistor or other active component.

Datas :

 	RthJP : Junction to component package thermal resistance (2K/W for a TO220)

 	RthPH : component package to heatsink thermal resistance (0.6K/W without thermal compound, 0.1K/W with, 0.3K/W to be added with mica isolator)

 	RThHA : Heatsink to ambiant thermal resistance (characteristic of the heatsink)

 	Ta : Ambiant temperature

 	TjMax : Maximum junction temperature (175 degrees for common silicon devices)

 	P : Power to be dissiped by the device

Formula used :

 	(TjMax-Ta)/P = RThHA+RThPA+RThJP

For data input format and units, see "principles and units used"


Zener diode

Goal :

The Zener diode module calculate the resistor value needed to polarize a zener diode, and the available output current, given the zener diode parameters and the supply voltage.

Datas :

 	Umin/Umax : Input voltage min and max values

 	Uz : Zener diode voltage Pzmax : Zener diode maximum dissipating power (normaly 400mW to 1W)

 	R : Polarizing resistor

 	Rcmin : Load resistor minimum value

 	Icmax : Load current maximum value

Formula used :

 	When no load is applied, limitation is the maximum zener power dissipation :  Pzmax = Uz(Umax-Uz)/R

 	When maximum load is applied, limitation is the minimum voltage accross the zener : Umin.Rcmin/(Rcmin+R)=Uz

 	Icmax=Uz/Rcmax

For data input format and units, see "principles and units used"


Class A amplifier stage

Goal :

The Class A amplifier stage module calculate the components needed to implement a class A amplifier built around a NPN transistor, and gives the operating parameters of this stage.

Thanks :

This module is in fact the direct translation and revamping of a pretty APPLESOFT* software I got some 15 years ago from a BBS for my old (but still working) Apple II. I don't know who what the author of this  software but I do want to thanks him here !

* : For the newbyes, APPLESOFT is an ancestral BASIC interpreter fitting in the 16Kb ROMs of the APPLE II, developped by Microsoft by the time their softwares were able to fit in less than 1Gb...

Datas :

Input data :

 	Vcc : Power supply voltage

 	B : Beta of the transistor (gain)

 	Vin : Input signal amplitude

 	Vout : Output signal amplitude, or click on "maximum gain" to have the largest output voltage possible

 	Frea min : Lower signal frequency

 	Rc : collector resistance value

 	Rl : Load impedance (don't click on "with load" if you suppose it is very high)

Output data ;

 	Re,Rv,Rb,Rx,Cin,Cout,Cby : components values

 	Input, output and output with load impedances

 	Collector and base quiescient currents

 	Collector, emitter and base quiescent voltages

 	Input, output signal voltages (peak to peak) and corresponding gain

 	Maximum power dissipated within the transistor

Formula used :

A little too complicated to be explained here... Cf your school books !

For data input format and units, see "principles and units used"


AOP inverting stage

Goal :

The AOP inverting stage module calculate the resistors values needed for a given inverting amplifier stage built around an operational amplifier.

Datas :

 	R1, R2 : resistors values

 	G : Gain

 	Vi : Input voltage

 	Vo : output voltage

Formula used :

 	G=R2/R1=Go/Vi

For data input format and units, see "principles and units used"


AOP non-inverting stage

Goal :

The AOP non-inverting stage module calculate the resistors values needed for a given non-inverting amplifier stage built around an operational amplifier.

Datas :

 	R1, R2 : resistors values

 	G : Gain

 	Vi : Input voltage

 	Vo : output voltage

Formula used :

 	G=(R1+R2)/R1=Vo/Vi

For data input format and units, see "principles and units used"


AOP differentiator

Goal :

The AOP differentiator module calculate the components value of a differentiator stage built around an operational amplifier. It is an inverting differentiator : it gives a negative signal when the input signal  climbs.

Datas :

 	R,C : Components values

 	DeltaT : Time constant of the differentiator (should be near the input signal variation speed)

Formula used :

 	DeltaT=0.7RC

For data input format and units, see "principles and units used"


AOP integrator

Goal :

The AOP integrator  module calculate the components value of a integrator  stage built around an operational amplifier. It is an inverting integrator.

Datas :

 	R,C : Components values

 	DeltaT : Time constant of the integrator (should be near the input signal variation speed)

Formula used :

 	DeltaT=0.7RC

For data input format and units, see "principles and units used"


AOP summator

Goal :

The AOP summator  module calculate the components value of a summator stage built around an operational amplifier. It is an inverting summator, the output signal is given by :

Us = - (G1.U1+G2.U2)

Datas :

 	G1, G2 : gains for each input

 	R1,R2,R3 : components values

Formula used :

 	G1=R3/R1

 	G2=R3/R2

For data input format and units, see "principles and units used"


AOP substractor

Goal :

The AOP substrator  module calculate the components value of a substrator stage built around an operational amplifier.  The output signal is given by :

Us = G2.U2-G1.U1

Datas :

 	G1, G2 : gains for each input

 	R1,R2,R3 : components values

Formula used :

 	G2=(R1+R2)R2/(R3+R2)R1

 	G1=R2/R1

For data input format and units, see "principles and units used"


AOP schmitt trigger

Goal :

The AOP schmitt trigger module calculate the components values of an operational amplifier based schmitt trigger (an hysteresis making circuit).

Its a comparator to 0V, the output value changing only when the input voltage exceed Vtrig or -Vtrig.

Datas :

 	VTrig : triggering voltage

 	Upwr : power supply voltage

 	R1,R2 : components values

Formula used :

 	Vtrig =R1/R2.Upwr

For data input format and units, see "principles and units used"


555'made astable oscillator

Goal :

The 555'made astable oscillator module calculate the components values neeed to implement a multivibrator based on a '555 circuit (NE555, etc).

Datas :

 	R1,R2,C : components values

 	F : output frequency

 	Duty% : Output duty cycle (0,5 for a square signal)

 	Th : Output high pulse duration

 	Tl : Output low pulse duration

Formula used :

 	F=1.44/(R1+2R2)C1

 	Th=0.693(R1+R2)C

 	Tl=0.693 R2.C

 	uty%=1-R2/(R1+2R2)

For data input format and units, see "principles and units used"


CMOS gates'made astable oscillator

Goal :

The CMOS gates'made astable oscillator module calculate the component values of a CMOS gates based multivibrator.

Datas :

 	R,C : components values

 	F : output frequency

Formula used :

 	F=0.7/RC

For data input format and units, see "principles and units used"


555'made monostable oscillator

Goal :

The 555'made monostable oscillator module calculate the component value needed to implement a monostable circuit with a '555 component (NE555, etc).

Datas :

 	R,C : component values

 	DeltaT : output pulse duration

Formula used :

 	DeltaT=1.1 RC

For data input format and units, see "principles and units used"


RLC serial resonnant oscillator

Goal :

The RLC serial resonnant oscillator module calculate the resonnant frequency and the cut band width of a RLC serial circuit, as well as its impedance and phase shift at a given frequency. This kind of circuit may be used as a notch filter.

Datas :

 	L,R,C : components values

 	Fres : resonnant frequency

 	DeltaF : cut band witdh

 	F : test frequency

 	Z, Phi : impedance and phase at frequency F

Formula used :

 	Omega=2.Pi.F

 	Z=sqrt(R^2+(L.Omega-1/C.Omega)^2)

 	Tg(Phi)=(Omega.L-1/C.Omega)/R

 	Fres=Sqrt(1/LC)/2.Pi

 	DeltaF=Fres.R/sqrt(L/C)

For data input format and units, see "principles and units used"


RLC parallel resonnant oscillator

Goal :

The RLC parallel resonnant oscillator module calculate the resonnant frequency and the pass band width of a RLC parallel circuit, as well as its impedance and phase shift at a given frequency. This kind of circuit may be used as a band-pass filter.

Datas :

 	L,R,C : components values

 	Fres : resonnant frequency

 	DeltaF : cut band witdh

 	F : test frequency

 	Z, Phi : impedance and phase at frequency F

Formula used :

 	Omega=2.Pi.F

 	Z=R.L/(C.sqrt(R^2.(L.Omega-1/C.Omega)^2+L/C^2)

 	Tg(Phi)=C.(Omega.L-1/C.Omega)/L

 	Fres=Sqrt(1/LC)/2.Pi

 	DeltaF=Fres/(R.sqrt(C/L))

For data input format and units, see "principles and units used"


RC low-pass filter (6dB/octave)

Goal :

The RC low-pass filter (6dB/octave) module calculate the components values or a such simpler filter, passive or active (with the addition of a  followup AOP amplifier stage).

Datas :

 	R,C : components values

 	Fc : Cut frequency

Formula used :

 	Fc=1/(2.Pi.R.C)

For data input format and units, see "principles and units used"


RC high-pass filter (6dB/octave)

Goal :

The RC high-pass filter (6dB/octave) module calculate the components values or a such simpler filter, passive or active (with the addition of a  followup AOP amplifier stage).

Datas :

 	R,C : components values

 	Fc : Cut frequency

Formula used :

 	Fc=1/(2.Pi.R.C)

For data input format and units, see "principles and units used"


RC notch filter (6dB/octave)

Goal :

The RC notch filter (6dB/octave) module calculate the components values or a double "T" notch filter, passive or active (with the addition of a  followup AOP amplifier stage). This kind of filter is used to reject a given frequency from an incoming signal

Datas :

 	R,C : components values

 	Fc : Cut frequency

Formula used :

 	Fc=1/(2.Pi.R.C)

For data input format and units, see "principles and units used"


LC low-pass filter (12dB/octave)

Goal :

The LC low-pass filter (12dB/octave) module calculate the components values of a filter made with a self and a capacitor. This kind of filter is mainly used for loudspeakers filters.

Datas :

 	C,L : components values

 	Z : Load impedance

 	Fc : Cut frequency

Formula used :

 	L=Z/(Pi.Fc)

 	C=1/(Pi.Z.Fc)

For data input format and units, see "principles and units used"


LC high-pass filter (12dB/octave)

Goal :

The LC high-pass filter (12dB/octave) module calculate the components values of a filter made with a self and a capacitor. This kind of filter is mainly used for loudspeakers filters.

Datas :

 	C,L : components values

 	Z : Load impedance

 	Fc : Cut frequency

Formula used :

 	L=Z/(4.Pi.Fc)

 	C=1/(4.Pi.Z.Fc)

For data input format and units, see "principles and units used"


LC band-pass filter (12dB/octave)

Goal :

The LC band-pass filter (12dB/octave) module calculate the components values of a filter made with a self and a capacitor. This kind of filter is mainly used for loudspeakers filters.

Datas :

 	C1,C2,L1,L2 : components values

 	Z : Load impedance

 	Fc1, Fc2 : Cut frequencies

Formula used :

 	L1=Z.(Fc2-Fc1)/(4.Pi.Fc1.Fc2)

 	L2=Z/(Pi.(Fc2-Fc1))

 	C1=1/(Pi.Z.(Fc2-Fc1))

 	C2=1/(4.Pi.Z.(Fc2-Fc1))

For data input format and units, see "principles and units used"


Active low-pass filter (24dB/octave)

Goal :

The Active low-pass filter (24dB/octave) module calculate the components values of a very selective active filter based on two operational amplifiers. Two response slopes are available : Bessel and Butterworth, each one being more adapted to a specific range of applications.

Datas :

 	R,C1,C2,C3,C4 : Components values

 	Fc : Cut frequency

Nota : for good results, R should be in the 1K..47K range.  Formula used :

 	Ci=Ki/(2.Pi.F.R)

The Ki factors are the following :

 	Bessel : Ki = 0.7298, 0.6699, 1.0046, 0.3872

 	Butterworth : Ki = 1.0824, 0.9239, 2.6130, 0.3827

For data input format and units, see "principles and units used"


Active high-pass filter (24dB/octave)

Goal :

The Active high-pass filter (24dB/octave) module calculate the components values of a very selective active filter based on two operational amplifiers. Two response slopes are available : Bessel and Butterworth, each one being more adapted to a specific range of applications.

Datas :

 	C,R1,R2,R3,R4 : Components values

 	Fc : Cut frequency

Nota : for good results, C should be in the 1n..100n range.  Formula used :

 	Ri=Ki/(2.Pi.F.C)

The Ki factors are the following :

 	Bessel : Ki = 1.1307, 1.4929, 0.9952, 2.5830

 	Butterworth : Ki = 0.9239, 1.0824, 0.3827, 2.6130

For data input format and units, see "principles and units used"


Copyright
Copyright 1998 by Robert Lacoste - France

All Rights Reserved

Dynamic'Schem may be copied and distributed freely providing that no fee is charged and it is not part of a package for which a charge is made (except reasonnable distribution costs if any).

So enjoy freely !

One restriction : Dynamic'Schem must always be distributed with its full source code (no binary only distribution) in order to be recompiled and/or maintained by the user (as I don't intent to maintain it...).

Modifications or bug corrections must be clearly indicated in the source files, with date and name of the author of this change. The  correction must also be documented in the "history.txt" file.

A final note : Like everything free, Dynamic'Schem come without any form  of warranty. So use it at your own risks.