Pipes or wires are created as a set of cylindrical segments and elbows. Define diameters and the elbow radius first. Then define a path of the pipe or wire in space. To define the path, you can use similar tools as for solids insertions or translations. Location of the tri-axes tool defines a location of the pipe segment endpoint. Before each confirmation of the location, you can easily redefine tri-axes tool position or adjust this position according to other spatial objects. See Transforming and Copying Solids for basic location modes.
You can define straight segments, while each connection is automatically rounded by an elbow. You can insert an elbow directly at the finished straight segment and define its rotation. You can also bend a pipe around a corner in space as well as around or according to other pipe’s elbow. You can finish the pipe selecting an axis (for instance flange’s axis or hole’s axis) - an elbow and straight segment is created. The straight segment is finished right at the selected axis. The next location selected anywhere at the selected axis allows you to create a pipe straight into the desired location under the desired direction.
For definition of pipes or wires in space, you have more additional options available than for locations of solids:
| Icon | Use |
| Elbow radius redefinition |
| Diameter redefinition |
| Creates elbows between straight segments automatically, segments are defined by endpoints |
| Creates single elbow defined by start tangent and point |
| Creates elbow and straight segment to intersect selected axis |
| Locate at intersection of two selected axes |
| Pipe/wire segment endpoint at current location |
Clicking the inner part of the tri-axes tool, you can obtain more options for corresponding axis than for locations of solids:
| Icon | Use |
 | Dynamic rotation around selected axis, reference point at end of X axis |
 | Dynamic rotation around selected axis, reference point at end of Y axis |
 | Dynamic rotation around selected axis, reference point at end of Z axis |
 | Bend pipe around corner, start at direction of selected axis |
 | Bend pipe around another elbow or axes intersection, start at direction of selected axis |
While defining a path of a pipe or wire, Enter or right-click has different meanings according to the given situation. If a segment is inserted and no new location of tri-axes is defined, Enter causes the pipe creation is finished. All previously defined segments are merged into a single pipe or wire. If a segment was created and a new tri-axes location is already defined, Enter defines new segment’s endpoint. VariCAD uses different cursors to distinguish each situation:
| Cursor | Use of Enter | Use of Step Back |
 | End point of segment is defined | If a segment was created before, tri-axes are located back at the endpoint of this segment. Otherwise back to geometry confirmation |
 | Pipe or wire is finished | Last segment is removed |
 | Pipes - PIPES |
Creates pipes in space. Radial intersection is ring – defined by outer and inner diameter.
 | Wires - WIRES |
Creates wires in space. Radial intersection is circle – defined by diameter.
Creation of pipe
Shell is created as the offset patches are connected to the selected patches at a given thickness. Select patches on a solid first. Then define a thickness. You can select whether the resulting shell is created as outer layer to the selected patches (creation in a direction of the normal), or the selected patches are outer layer of resulting shell (creation against a direction of the normal). You can select also if the original solid remains in space or is removed after the shell creation. In both cases, copy of the shell pattern is stored in the shell object and remains available for further shell shape editing.
Selecting patches for shell definition, you can select patch by patch or use the following option:
 | All solid’s patches are selected. Then you can some of them deselect. |
Shell objects can be used as sheet metal parts.
 | Offset Patches (Shells) - OFP |
This function creates shell objects.
Creation of shell
Shell defined in previous example
Threads can be created on an existing outer cylindrical surface, as a threaded hole or by inserting a threaded cylinder (a threaded end of shaft, for instance). Once created, the threads are properly exported into 2D drawing area or into STEP files. Checking interferences, the threads are correctly distinguished not only according to their diameters, but also according to their pitches and types. If a solid containing threads is to be rescaled, scaling values are limited to available standard thread diameters.
Parts inserted from mechanical parts libraries are correctly fitted with threads, too. The threads are present at screws or nuts inserted from the libraries. Screws and nuts created in versions prior to VariCAD 2008 are not automatically changed to objects fitted with threads.
If you create a threaded hole or outer threaded cylinder (a screw), you can select a thread from a list of threads. There are two types of threads available:
Type of an existing thread can be changed only after a change of the units in the entire document (millimeters to inches or vice versa).
Functions available for thread creation:
 | Threaded Hole - THH |
 | Threaded Cylinder (Screw) - THS |
 | Outer Thread Cutting Tool - OTC |
Outer thread can be cut only at a diameter equal to a standard thread diameter.
Selecting a thread from a list of threads
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